Russia, 1905. The time of the first Russian Revolution, of the Twentieth Century. Also the first time that Councils made their appearance.
In the Russian language, these Councils are referred to as Soviets. For the purposes of this article, as I am writing with Americans in mind, I have chosen to refer to them as Councils.
Contrary to popular belief, these Councils, or Soviets, were not a creation of the Marxists. They were created spontaneously, by the common people, by whom I mean the workers and family farmers, those who are referred to as peasants. As the ‘’mass movement’’, the revolutionary motion, of the common people gained strength, that same movement gave birth to the Councils.
The Marxists of that time, referred to as Bolsheviks, later referred to as Communists, could not possibly have been involved in the creation of those Councils. The reason for this is quite simple. All such Marxists had been previously arrested, sent to prison, and were either executed, died or had been exiled. Lenin was no exception. He was first sent to Siberia, and only later, allowed to leave the country. Exiled.
In 1905, the Russian Empire was huge, one of the largest, most powerful Empires in the world. For three centuries, it had been ruled by the Romanov family. The Emperor, or Tsar, at that time, was Nicholas the Second, commonly referred to as ‘’Nicholas the Bloody’’. He believed in ‘’running a tight ship’’! He was not one to tolerate any discontent! As he was ‘’appointed by God’’, he had a rather high opinion of himself. Further, it was his belief that his ‘’subjects’’ needed a ‘’firm hand’’. Nicholas was just the man to apply that ‘’firm hand’’!
Yet in that same year, the common people rose up, in that which has gone down in history as the ‘’Russian Revolution of 1905’’. For three years the Revolution raged, and the Romanov monarchy was deeply shaken, but not toppled. At the end of the Revolution, Tsar Nicholas remained in power.
The Revolution of 1905-07, was followed by a time of reaction. All dissent was crushed, with the utmost brutality. The Councils were forced ‘’underground’’, all but wiped out.
Several years later, around 1910, the mass movement picked up, once again. At first, it was weak, but gradually gained strength. As the revolutionary motion gained strength, so too, the Councils also gained strength.
The Second Russian Revolution, of the Twentieth Century, broke out into open rebellion, in February of 1917, partly as a result of the First World War. As Lenin pointed out, this War served to ‘’accelerate the course of world history’’.
It is no exaggeration to say that, in February of 1917, the whole world was shocked. Tsar Nicholas was forced to ‘’abdicate the throne’’. For three centuries, the Romanovs had ruled one of the biggest, most powerful Empires in the world. Now the Tsar was forced to ‘’step down’’, by the ‘’common people’’, no less! The power of revolution!
As if that was not ‘’bad enough’’, it soon became apparent that the Councils, which had been working underground, illegally, gaining strength, were now a force with which to be reckoned! In fact, they were strong enough to challenge the authority of the Provisional Government, of the Kerensky Regime! Almost evenly matched!
This is to stress the fact that Councils do not just ‘’magically appear’’, at the time of a Revolution, as if a ‘’fairy godmother waved her magic wand’’. Indeed not. They come into existence as the revolutionary motion gains strength, underground, illegally, before the beginning of open hostilities.
Nor do they always appear, in every Revolution. Yet they are certainly ‘’alive and well’’ in North America. The experience of the city of Seattle, in which a segment of that city declared itself to be autonomous, the ‘’Capital Hill Autonomous Zone’’, is proof of that. The Zone was led by a Council.
Of course, that Zone was crushed, with considerable brutality. After all, it was a challenge to the state power, of the monopoly capitalists. By declaring the Zone to be ‘’Autonomous’’, the revolutionary members of that Zone, were challenging the authority of the ruling class of monopoly capitalists, the multi billionaires, the bourgeoisie. Not to be tolerated!
Bear in mind that, as Lenin said, writing in July of 1917, ‘’Let us not forget that the issue of power is the fundamental issue of every revolution’’. This is to say, ‘’Which class holds state power’’?
On that subject, it is significant that, at the time of the February Russian Revolution of 1917, Lenin was still in exile, living in Switzerland. He was able to return to Russia, in April of that year. To this day, bourgeois scholars cannot understand the reason that the Provisional Government of Kerensky, did not arrest him, as soon as he stepped off the train, in Saint Petersburg.
Because they did not dare! The Councils were that powerful! Immediately after the February Revolution, which overthrew Tsar Nicholas, the Provisional Government was forced to share power with the Councils!
Of course, this ‘’sharing’’ of state power could not last, and did not last. After all, the state apparatus is merely set up by one class, the ruling class, in order to crush any and all subordinate classes. One class must rule! The other class must submit!
In the case of Russia, in early 1917, the situation was further complicated, due to the existence of various classes. These included the nobility, with the Romanovs at the head. Closely allied with the nobility, was the class of landlords, those who took great delight in exploiting the family farmers, the peasants, a different class. Then there was the class of monopoly capitalists, the multi millionaires, the bourgeoisie, as well as the small time capitalists, the middle class, the petty bourgeois. And lest we forget, the one and only consistently revolutionary class, the working class, the proletariat.
As can be expected, these different classes were represented by different political parties, who fought for their best interests. These included the Constitutional Democrats, or ‘’Cadets’’, considered to be very ‘’Right Wing’’, as they were deeply concerned with the nobility and landlords. The Socialist Revolutionaries, SR’s, were considered to be more ‘’moderate’’, and represented a great many family farmers. They in turn were divided into ‘’Left’’ and ‘’Right’’, with the Left Socialist Revolutionaries closer to the Bolsheviks. Then there were the Mensheviks, those who claimed to be Marxists, but were revisionists.
All of these Parties had a voice in the Russian government, whether in the Provisional Assembly, or in the Councils. If I am not mistaken, they even shared the same building, within the capitol of Saint Petersburg. This is to say that Lenin certainly has his hand full!
There is a reason I have gone into the political situation, in Russia, in the middle of 1917, in detail. Because it bears a striking resemblance to our current situation. Our forthcoming American Revolution will closely resemble the Great October Russian Proletarian Revolution.
That Revolution is referred to as a ‘’Proletarian Revolution’’, even though the Russian proletariat was in a minority. That is because it was the proletariat that led the Revolution!
By contrast, in North America, the proletariat is in the vast majority. The monopoly capitalists have done -and are continuing to do!- a most impressive job, of wiping out all other classes. It is safe to say that only the remnants of other classes, are still in existence. These include the family farmers, and the small business owners.
The class struggle is now sharp and clear. The multi billionaires, the bourgeoisie, against the working class, the proletariat.
It is my most fervent hope, that those who consider themselves to be Independent Socialists, will take these facts into account. It was Lenin, a true Marxist, a Scientific Socialist, who led the Russian October Revolution to victory, against all the odds. But only because he followed the scientific theories of Marx!
Feel free to take note, Independent Socialists, my Brothers and Sisters, my Comrades in Arms. The only true socialism is Scientific Socialism, as outlined by Marx, as applied to monopoly capitalism by Lenin, and carried through to success in October of 1917, in Russia.
At the same time, face the most unpleasant fact that you have been lied to, deceived, misled, by professional liars. The Universities are filled with such individuals! The best of them are quite charming! Smooth! Sophisticated! Persuasive! With years of experience! Experts at faking sincerity!
There is no need to be too hard on yourselves. Over a period of many years, these bourgeois frauds have mastered the fine art of deception. As they are so highly respected, they are able to exert a certain influence over honest people. The spiritual power of the bourgeois intellectuals! Professor Power!
Now is the time to cast off that spiritual power! Break those invisible chains! Face the fact that Marx and Lenin were correct all along! That the only true socialism is Scientific Socialism!
Now is also the time to stop the Oligarchy, before the democratic republic is completely destroyed. To combine legal with illegal work. To legally challenge the imperialists, in a court of law. To get involved with Councils. To arm, train and equip working people, in preparation for the approaching Insurrection. Illegal work!
Time is not on our side. Project 2025 is currently being put into place. We are very close to a fascist dictatorship. The Oligarchy is wasting no time.
Bear in mind that you have no future, under monopoly capitalism. The imperialists will see to that! By contrast, you have a bright future under Scientific Socialism. Your organizational skills, as well as your training and experience in running a business, will be in demand. As a highly skilled professional, you will be appreciated and rewarded, most handsomely. Any past service to the monopoly capitalists, will not be held against you. Those of us who are Scientific Socialists, Communists, will make sure of that.
That is certainly preferable to a fascist dictatorship.
Gerald McIsaac