Among the great leaders of the working class, it is Stalin who has been the most severely maligned. The capitalists, the billionaires, those who are scientifically referred to as the bourgeoisie, have gone to great lengths to portray him as a dictator, a human monster, little different from the leader of Nazi Germany, which is to say Hitler.
The great November Russian socialist revolution of 1917, which is frequently referred to as the October revolution, using the old style calendar, was the first successful socialist revolution in history. At that time, the workers, or proletarians, overthrew the capitalists, the billionaires, the bourgeoisie, and set up a new form of government, a government under which the capitalists were suppressed. This new form of government is called the Dictatorship Of the Proletariat, and is the worst nightmare of the capitalists. There is a good reason for this.
Under this dictatorship, the billionaires are crushed, have no rights, are separated from their wealth and power, and are not allowed to hide behind lawyers. The members of the working class treat them as the blood sucking parasites they are, which is precisely what they deserve.
Under the Dictatorship Of the Proletariat, the members of the working class live under a political system in which the vast majority of people, the working people, are respected, and have full democratic rights. They have the right of assembly, free speech, freedom of the press, the right to bear arms, freedom of religion, the right to vote for the candidate of their choice, etc.
As well, the factories, mills, mines, banks, railroads, shipping lines and all other places of employment are owned and managed by and for the working class, with a view to raising the standard of living of all working people, not with a view to adding to the wealth of the super rich, the billionaires, the bourgeoisie. The revolutionary movement currently sweeping the world, will soon once again establish this Dictatorship Of the Proletariat, once again the capitalists will be suppressed, only this time they will not be allowed to return to power, as they did in Russia. We will learn from our mistakes, and the coming Dictatorship Of the Proletariat will be more complete.
But now to return to the November revolution. We must point out that this revolution was led by Lenin, and we can think of Stalin as his right hand man, as Stalin played a key role in the revolution. Both were guided by the revolutionary theories of Marx. This is of paramount importance because the only revolution which has any chance of success is one which is guided by a proper scientific theory, which is to say a Marxist-Leninist theory. But then, a revolution which is guided by a Marxist-Leninist theory is guaranteed to be successful.
At the conclusion of the November revolution, at the end of three and a half years of war, the country of Russia was absolutely devastated. The people in the cities were starving. The rich peasants, the kulaks, had grain, but no way to get it to market. The soldiers were completely demoralized, and could not proceed. The factories and trains were barely functioning, if only because the workers were hungry and there was no fuel for either the trains or the factories. Then too, the infrastructure was in ruins as a result of the war, with bridges and tracks destroyed. As most roads in Russia were practically non existent, this made it almost impossible to get the grain to the cities and the fuel and raw materials to the factories.
A new socialist government was immediately established, under the Dictatorship Of the Proletariat. This was a coalition of workers and poor peasants, under which the landlords and capitalists were suppressed, denied any and all rights. As the situation had changed dramatically, the name of the party was changed to reflect the new political reality. The Social Democratic Party became the Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik) or RCP(B). Lenin was of course the premier, and Stalin was appointed Peoples Commissar for Nationalities Affairs. This was a key post, as the previous government had crushed various nations, and under the new socialist government, these nations, or republics, were independent, united under the new Soviet republic. It was Trotsky who was appointed as the Commissar for War, and this proved to be a huge mistake.
It should be noted that under this new socialist republic, a Commissar is a political official. They are not at all similar to capitalist bureaucrats, who answer to no one. These socialist commissars are elected by workers, are paid no more than the average worker and are subject to recall at any time.
The immediate problem was to secure peace. The war with the Central Powers had to come to an end, at all costs. Regardless of that which the history books say, Russia was not just at war with Germany. There was a coalition of countries, led by Germany, and it was necessary to negotiate peace terms with all of them. The newly established Soviet Union sued the Central Powers for peace, if for no other reason than that the troops were worn out, unable to carry on the fight. As Commissar for War, Trotsky was placed in charge of a delegation sent to negotiate peace terms, and when the Central Powers issued an ultimatum, Trotsky turned it down. The war continued, and the newly created Soviet Union was nearly destroyed, thanks to Trotsky.
A second delegation was sent to negotiate another peace treaty, and this was concluded, under horrendous terms, in March of 1918. This peace treaty is known and the Treaty of Brest Litovsk.
Even after the conclusion of peace with the Central Powers, the country remained in a state of war, a civil war which lasted for several years. The counter revolutionaries, at that time referred to as the ”whites”, were determined to overthrow the new socialist government, place a member of the nobility on the throne, a new Czar, and restore power to the landlords and capitalists. As this was considered to be a ”worthy cause”, they were aided by various imperialists, including the Japanese, American, British and French.
These are the same imperialists who first tried to send in their own troops, in order to crush the newly created socialist Soviet Union, but soon learned their mistake. The troops of these countries could not understand the reason they were still having to fight, when the war was over, and what is worse, these same troops were deeply impressed by the new socialist government and carried these ”heretical” beliefs back to their own countries. In response to this failure of their own troops to fight workers of a socialist country, the imperialists, being the resourceful sorts, decided on a different course of action. They decided to arm and equip soldiers of neighbouring republics to crush the new socialist Soviet Union. They also decided to support the counter revolutionaries, the whites. No doubt in this way they thought they had all the bases covered.
There are a few things which I do not understand, and likely never will understand. Topping that list is the desire of some people to be ruled by a monarch, a king or queen. In Russia such a ruler was referred to as Czar. Then there are the people who desire to work for the capitalists, to enrich the billionaires even further. These are the same capitalists who do not hesitate to fire any and all workers, for any reason or no reason, if only because they can. Yet there is no shortage of such simple minded working class fools, poor souls one and all, and they have to be dealt with accordingly. As long as they choose to serve the capitalists, they will be treated as the enemies they are. As soon as they come to their senses and join the revolution, as many of them will, then we must welcome them into our ranks as our brothers and sisters, our comrades.
In this civil war, immediately following the November revolution and the Treaty of Brest Litovsk, the newly formed Red Army troops were fighting the soldiers of various neighbouring republics as well as the counter revolutionary whites. The invading troops were well armed and well equipped but lacked the motivation to fight to the death. By contrast, the Red Army troops were invigorated, had been inspired by the revolution, and were at that time prepared to lay down their lives for their homeland. Many of them did just that.
When faced with this type of fanatical resistance, the invading soldiers frequently ran or surrendered. They did not sign up just to be killed.
The fact is that the soldiers of all armies have respect for each other. They sometimes kill each other, but the respect remains. In fact, the stronger the enemy, the more fiercely the enemy fights, the more respect they have earned. Enemy soldiers who are captured are treated with respect, as is proper. They are identified by the uniforms they wear. Then again, enemy combatants who are captured without any uniform are treated as spies, and spies are merely shot. This applies to counter revolutionaries, those who are no better than mercenaries. When such people are captured in war, they tend not to be wearing any uniforms, because they are not members of any army. They are no better than spies, and are frequently treated as spies. This is to say they are shot. This is precisely what happened to many whites who were captured by the Red Army, and this has caused a great deal of tears to be shed on the part of the bleeding heart liberals.
This civil war continued for several years. In 1918 most of the country was in the hands of the whites and the invading armies. Almost the whole world thought the newly created Soviet Union had no chance. It was Lenin and Stalin who thought otherwise, and managed to inspire everyone in the country, especially the soldiers in the Red Army. It was only after a heroic resistance, against all the odds, that the Red Army succeeded in throwing out the invaders and crushing the counter revolutionary whites.
It was in 1920 that Lenin, the great leader of the working class, was shot. After a long illness, he died in 1924, likely as a result of complications resulting from his wounds.
As a result of his illness, it increasingly fell to Stalin to lead the revolution. This he did, and did so with distinction. After the death of Lenin, Stalin became the leader of the Soviet Union.
Now the bourgeois writers, the bootlickers of the billionaires, maintain that Stalin was responsible for the famine that gripped the Soviet Union immediately after the November revolution. Nothing could be farther from the truth. It was the imperialists who used famine as a weapon, trying to starve the newly created Soviet Union into submission.
At that time the rich peasants had grain, and in fact many of them had a great abundance of grain. Those with the greatest amount of grain were technically referred to as kulaks, and these people had draught animals or tractors, equipment, large tracts of land and were able to hire labourers to work for them. These rich peasants were well aware that people in the cities were starving. This was all the more reason to hoard the grain, as the more people starved, the higher the price of grain. Kulaks are nothing other than capitalists, and all capitalists are well aware of the law of supply and demand.
The capitalists swear by this law. They think it is great. The fact that people were literally starving was of no consequence. That is true to this day. It is simply a matter of business, and the capitalists do not care in the slightest about the working people.
The situation was desperate and desperate times require desperate measures. Stalin was just the man for the job, as he was not averse to applying desperate measures. He believed in doing whatever had to be done.
Half measures would have achieved nothing. The workers on the railroads were provided with extra rations so that they could repair the locomotives and rolling stock and get the trains running again. The tracks and bridges which had been destroyed were ordered to be repaired. The troops who were not engaged in fighting the whites were ordered to raid the farms of the kulaks and seize the grain they had hoarded. The draught animals, farming equipment, and the land of the kulaks was broken up and given to the poor peasants, the allies of the workers, so that they could grow crops. Many of the kulaks, as enemies of the newly formed Soviet Socialist Republic, were exiled to Siberia, where they were required to engage in useful, productive work.
Our current historians, belly crawling bootlickers of the capitalists, one and all, give this as an example of the utter heartlessness of Stalin. In fact, it is an example of the proper application of the Dictatorship Of the Proletariat. The people in the cities, as well as the poor peasants, received bread, and the kulaks received that which they deserved.
Those same historians maintain that Stalin was responsible for the death of the kulaks. This is not true. Stalin destroyed the kulaks by seizing their grain, land and equipment, and sending the kulaks to Siberia, where many were forced to work as peasants, without being allowed to hire farm labourers. The kulaks were not killed, but transformed into useful, productive members of society.
It is typical of the bourgeois historians that they blame Stalin for the famine which gripped the country, while ignoring the fact that the counter revolutionaries, the whites, were causing as much starvation, death and destruction as they could. That included the blowing up of bridges and tearing up of rail lines, so that the grain, fuel and equipment could not reach the cities. In the British Parliament, Churchill was bragging that fourteen republics were busy fighting the newly formed socialist Soviet Union. The armies of those republics were armed and equipped by the British, as well as the French and Americans. This little detail the historians carefully ignore.
Stalin also faced the fact that the country was possibly one hundred years behind the industrialized countries of the world, such as Britain, France, Japan and America. That was a very serious problem as those were the same countries that were determined to crush the Soviet Union. It was absolutely essential that the Soviet Union become industrialized, catch up to the other countries, or be crushed by the imperialists. The solution to the problem of industrialization was planned production, the first five year plan.
Such a plan is completely foreign to the capitalists. They simply cannot imagine such a thing. The idea of calculating in advance that which people need and then planning to meet those needs is beyond their comprehension. A proper five year plan involves setting reasonable goals, and the only goal a capitalist is capable of imagining is the goal of greater profit.
The capitalists swear by the law of supply and demand, in which the shortage of a commodity, such as lumber, gives rise to an increase in the price of lumber. So the capitalists invest their capital in sawmills, hire workers and produce as much lumber as possible. The lumber is then sold at a high price, the capitalists make a profit, and harmony and joy reign in the land of capital. But then, this increase in production gives rise to a great surplus of lumber on the market, the price drops and the capitalists have to sell their lumber at a loss. This results in weeping and wailing in the world of capitalism. In the midst of such sorrow, the mills are shut down and workers are laid off. As the stocks of lumber are gradually depleted, this gives rise to a shortage of lumber, the price of lumber once again rises, the capitalists once again invest their capital in sawmills and the cycle once again repeats itself.
The capitalists, as rather simple minded souls, swear by this law of supply and demand. The workers, who tend to be more practical, as those who are laid off are deprived of an income, have a rather different opinion of the matter. But then it is the workers who have families to feed.
This is the reason planned production makes so much sense. People work at a job which has to be done, and do not fear unemployment. Under socialism, there is always a job which has to be done.
I deliberately use the word people, and not workers, as under socialism, the Dictatorship Of the Proletariat, everyone will be required to perform useful, productive work. That includes the capitalists.
After the successful socialist November revolution in Russia, it was not just the rich peasants, the kulaks, who were transformed into useful, productive folks. The capitalists also were required to be useful. They were about as anxious to perform manual labor as were the kulaks, so a certain amount of persuasion was required. As most of them had never done an honest days work in their lives, they were capable of performing only the most simple tasks, such as digging ditches and clearing land, in preparation for power lines, for example. We will soon be facing a similar problem, after the successful conclusion of our own socialist revolution. No doubt, there are simple manual labor tasks which our home grown capitalists can handle.
These are the facts, just as it is also a fact that the then socialist Soviet Union, under the Dictatorship Of the Proletariat, led by Stalin, transformed the country into one which was highly industrialized. This did not happen by chance, and it was certainly not easy. Of necessity, we have to build socialism from the wreckage of capitalism. This includes the human material.
Immediately after the November revolution, it became clear that the workers were not prepared to organize and manage the smooth administration of the country. Yet this had to be done, and the only people who had the skills to do this, were the capitalists. This gave rise to the New Economic Plan, and was strongly opposed by many members of the Communist Party. They were dead set opposed to placing capitalists back in charge of production. These same people also wanted to replace all the officers in the military with pure working class people. Fortunately, cooler heads prevailed, led by Stalin, and a certain amount of capitalism was restored in the Soviet Union. Further, most of the officers who were veterans of the old Russian army were allowed to keep their ranks.
This was the only way in which socialism could be built. Specialists are indispensable in any society, and that includes socialism. These specialists, such as doctors, engineers, administrators and military officers are highly trained professionals. Such people are not ”naturally born” and do not emerge spontaneously from the working class. These people are highly skilled, as a result of years of training and experience. They cannot be immediately replaced by working people, as we are well aware from bitter experience. On the other hand, they cannot be trusted, as we are also well aware, from even more bitter experience. It is necessary to place them in positions of authority, yet be closely monitored by working class people, while at the same time these working class people must learn from them. It is also necessary to pay these professional people more than the average worker, as otherwise they will not perform their jobs.
This is the way in which socialism was built and strengthened in the Soviet Union immediately after the November revolution, and this is the way in which socialism will be built and strengthened in America immediately after the American revolution.
This brings us to the purges of the late nineteen thirties, which the bourgeois historians have referred to as the ”Red Terror”. The fact is that the communist party is no different from any other organization, in the sense that it does not automatically cleanse itself. It is necessary to cleanse it, and on a regular basis. People may join the party with a great deal of enthusiasm, but that enthusiasm may fade. Or those same people may become corrupted through a lust for power and wealth, under the influence of the capitalists, the same people who desire nothing so much as to return to power. Even under socialism, the capitalists will still remain, and that is the reason for the Dictatorship Of the Proletariat. We can expect the capitalists within our midst to bide their time, as they did in the Soviet Union, waiting and watching, looking for any sign of weakness, and exploiting that weakness when they find it. Given a chance, they will weasel their way into the Communist Party, as that is where the power is located. Such people must be identified and kicked out of the party. The same is true of the military.
A fine example of this happened in the Soviet Union in 1937. At that time, Tukhachevsky was a high ranking general in the Red Army, and highly respected, with good reason. He wrote some very fine theoretical work concerning military deep operations, which involved a modernized Soviet army coordinating motorized troops working in conjunction with armour, aviation and artillery units. If this sounds very much like blitzkrieg, it is likely not a coincidence. It is very likely that the Nazis were deeply impressed by these ideas, so impressed in fact that they adopted these tactics and used them to good effect in the Blitzkrieg, beginning in western Europe. This merely drives home the point that the man was a military genius. This was recognized and he was put to work in the Red Army. This is not to say that he was trusted.
Tukhachevsky was also of noble birth. He served with distinction in the Russian army under the Czar in the first world war. After the November revolution, he joined the Red Army and performed very valuable service in the civil war against the counter revolutionary whites. These valuable accomplishments cannot be denied.
That in no way changes the fact that he was involved in a plot to overthrow the socialist Soviet government. The plan involved working with the German Nazis, giving the Nazis the Ukraine in return for their support in the overthrow of the Soviet Union. It is possible that Tukhachevsky had visions of placing himself on the vacated throne of the Czar. The members of the nobility tend to think along those lines. They are every bit as predictable as the capitalists.
As a result of this act of treason, he was arrested, tried and executed. Several other high ranking military generals who were involved in this plot suffered the same fate.
The bourgeois historians have taken this incident, which involved a rather few Soviet generals, and blown it up into a major disaster involving countless Soviet officers. The fact is that the few generals who were involved in the plot to commit treason were dealt with properly.
At the same time, the Soviets were facing the fact that the nazis were preparing to invade the Soviet Union, and they were not fully prepared for war. They knew this for a fact, because Hitler warned them. Hitler just did not know that he warned them.
Although it is rather strange, there are times when even the most ardent reactionaries tell the truth. Hitler was one such reactionary, and rarely spoke a word of truth. His book Mein Kampf was the exception to the rule. He wrote the book for his followers, fellow nazis, and accidentally told his worst enemies precisely that which he intended.
The Soviets read the book, and knew that the nazis intended to invade them. It was just a matter of time. The trouble was that in 1939, the Soviet Union was not fully prepared for war. Since the November revolution they had managed to accomplish that which the capitalist countries had done over a period of one hundred years. This is to say that the Soviet Union was largely industrialized, and this had been accomplished in a space of twenty years.
Still, most of the industry and the population was located in the western part of the country. This was precisely in the path of the anticipated nazi invasion. The Soviets needed time to move their heavy industry across the Ural mountains to the east, where they would be out of the way of the invasion and possible bombing strikes.
The German -Soviet non aggression pact gave them this time. It was also agreed that the Soviet Union would once again reclaim territory which belonged to the Russian empire, which had been lost in the Treaty of Brest, and that included part of Poland.
Naturally, the natis considered this pact a mere scrap of paper and invaded the Soviet Union two years later. It is best to remember that it was not just Germany which invaded the Soviet Union. They were assisted by Italy, Finland, Bulgaria, Rumania, Hungary and Slovania. The bourgeois historians tend to forget this fact.
To put this into context, at that time the Soviet Union was roughly the same size as the continental United States, in terms of surface area and population. I could go into the numbers but that tends to be rather boring. Suffice it to say that several million troops invaded the Soviet Union in June of 1941, and no capitalist country could have withstood such an assault.
The day the socialist Soviet Union was attacked was the day that World War 2 was transformed. It went from a war of imperialist plunder, a war to redivide the world among different imperialist powers, to a just war in defence of the socialist Soviet Union.
The Soviets referred to this as The Great Patriotic War, as indeed it was. The whole country was immediately mobilized in the war effort. The vast majority of able bodied men joined the military. Countless women took their places in the factories, mills and mines. They also drove busses, trains, tractors and boats. The grandmothers raised the children and the grandfathers came out of retirement and returned to work. Teenagers who were too young for the military also went to work. Everyone did what they could, everything for the front. No sacrifice was too great for the troops at the front.
A great many women also joined the military, and not just as medics and nurses. Some of them piloted fighter aircraft and bombers, became mechanics, commanded armoured vehicles, artillery and anti aircraft guns. Then there were those who distinguished themselves as snipers. Women tend to be more patient by nature and pay strict attention to detail. As a result of this, these female snipers would wait for hours, watching through their scopes, not just picking off the first enemy soldier who got in their sights, but waiting for an officer to make an appearance. Then there were the female bomber pilots who had excellent eyesight and made a career of flying strictly in the darkness. The enemy had a particular hatred for these ”night witches”, as after a hard day of fighting a soldier wanted nothing so much as to sit back and relax with a coffee and a cigarette. It was the glow from these cigarettes which attracted the attention of the pilots.
Immediately after the invasion, the Soviet high command adopted a policy of orderly retreat. They ordered all wooden buildings to be burnt, all bridges and buildings which were made if metal to be blown, all livestock driven to the rear, all grain, equipment, machinery, oil and anything else that could be useful to the enemy was to be sent to the rear, all crops to be ploughed under. The railroad tracks were torn up, all livestock which could not be sent to the rear for any reason was shot. It was a scorched earth policy, one which left nothing to the enemy. Of necessity, they were sacrificing land for time.
They put that time to good use. Immediately, most of the factories in the western part of the country were dismantled, placed on trains and hauled over the Ural mountains, set up in safety, well away from any threat of enemy troops and away from any bombers. Then they began to produce, and in fact they broke all production records.
The military was also reorganized, a process which was started just before the invasion but not completed.
According to the bourgeois historians, within the first five months of the war, the Soviet Red army lost five million troops. According to Stalin, the number was far lower, and the losses suffered by the invading forces was far greater than that reported by those same bourgeois historians. Even the bourgeois historians are forced to admit that after five months of war, the Soviets counterattacked in the centre of the front, pushing the enemy back from Moscow. Just how they managed this after suffering such horrendous losses, the historians do not say.
Even the bourgeois historians have to admit that the nazis were astounded at the technical level of the weapons the Soviets had developed in just a few short years. In fact, they were largely superior to the weapons the nazis possessed.
In the two previous years the natis had faced the finest armour, artillery and aircraft the enemy capitalist countries had on hand, and the German machines were superior. It never occurred to them that a backward country such as Russia could develop superior weapons. But then it was no longer a backward country. It was the socialist Soviet Union. The expertise and motivation of countless working people had been turned loose, and the results were readily apparent. Although the nazis were not about to admit it, they knew they were in big trouble.
To this day, the bourgeois historians do not admit this. The people who are producing documentaries on that war, which are shown on the t.v. frequently, claim that the Soviet Union had an unlimited supply of manpower. They maintain that the Soviets overpowered the nazi invaders through sheer force of numbers, attacking in human waves until the invaders ran out of ammunition. This is simply not true and could not be true, as the population of the Soviet Union was similar to the population of the United States. In fact, the total population of the invading countries was greater than the population of the Soviet Union. The bourgeois propagandists also claim that the Soviet Union had an unlimited supply of equipment, when in fact, Soviet production did not even reach the level of German production until the summer of 1943.
People also get these ideas from sources such as a popular Hollywood movie, one set in the Soviet Union at the time of the battle of Stalingrad in late 1942. The movie is technically very entertaining but far removed from reality. In the movie, the Red Army troops are herded off a train and sent into battle, many of them without even a rifle. Those who turn back are shot by their own NKVD troops. This is absolute nonsense, but typical of Hollywood. There was no shortage of rifles in the Soviet Union, the troops were never sent into battle without rifles, and the morale of the troops was high. At no point did the NKVD troops shoot Soviet soldiers who were running from battle.
The Soviet Union was at that time a socialist country, in which the proletariat exercised dictatorship over the capitalists, the bourgeoisie. The workers did not exercise dictatorship over themselves! It is true that Stalin issued his order 227, in an attempt to inspire the troops. They referred to it as ”Not One Step Back”, and in fact it did inspire them. The idea was that the political Commissars and military commanders should raise the level of morale of the troops, to appeal to their sense of defending the motherland, to the necessity of driving back the nazi invaders, and this was very effective. Countless Red Army soldiers fought to the death, to the last bullet and still refused to surrender. They chose death over dishonour.
Only as an absolute last resort, such as soldiers engaging in acts of sabotage or treason, was the death penalty applied.
Now the billionaires, the capitalists, the bourgeoisie, are in a frenzy. The members of the working class have spontaneously gravitated to socialism, and the bourgeoisie have responded by slandering the great working class leaders. They live in mortal terror of the Dictatorship Of the Proletariat, and the least we can do is make sure their fears are well grounded. It is up to us to exercise that dictatorship, and the sooner the better.
Long Live the Revolution!
Scientific Socialism!
Dictatorship Of the Proletariat!
Workers of the World, Unite!